European Markets Fall Amid Anticipation of New U.S. Tariff Policies, While Crypto Stocks Soar on Wall Street Market performance diverged, with European losses driven by trade tensions and strong gains for crypto stocks in the U.S.
European stock indices ended Friday’s session with broad losses, pressured by global market anxiety ahead of an expected announcement from the White House regarding a new round of tariffs.
The anticipation triggered widespread selling across most European bourses,
amid fears of renewed trade tensions and their potential impact on global growth.
The pan-European Stoxx 600 index dropped by 1.12%, breaking a multi-day stability streak.
Germany’s DAX fell by 0.89%, weighed down by export-oriented stocks, which are particularly sensitive to U.S. trade developments.
In France, the CAC 40 declined by around 0.92%, driven by weakness in both industrial and service sectors.
Meanwhile, the U.K.’s FTSE 100 slipped by 0.38%, affected by the uncertain future of economic relations between London and Washington.
Investors remain on edge over possible escalatory measures from President Donald Trump’s administration,
which may include imposing tariffs on European goods — a move that could intensify pressure on the European economy and force central banks to reassess growth and inflation forecasts.
Crypto
On the other side of the Atlantic, shares of U.S.-listed cryptocurrency firms recorded notable gains in Monday’s pre-market trading,
fueled by a record surge in Bitcoin’s price.
MicroStrategy rose by 3.1% to $448, benefiting from its sizable Bitcoin holdings. Coinbase climbed 1.65% to $393.49,
while Riot Platforms advanced 3.7% to $12.88. Marathon Holdings jumped by 4.35% to $19.97.
These gains came as Bitcoin rallied 2.55% to a new all-time high of $122,240, after briefly touching a peak of $123,193.63 earlier in the day.
European Markets Fall Amid Anticipation of New U.S. Tariff Policies
Global Markets Update: Top Indicators & Asset Moves :
Global markets are closely watching a series of key economic indicators in the third week of July 2025,
expected to influence currencies, commodities,
and equity trends. U.S. and Canadian inflation data,
alongside Australian employment figures, headline the week’s calendar.
Technical outlooks also highlight major movements in oil, gold, currency pairs, and Tesla stock.
09:30 – Switzerland
Producer Price Index (Monthly)
Tuesday, July 15, 2025
15:30 – Canada
Consumer Price Index (Monthly)
15:30 – Canada
Trimmed Mean CPI (Yearly)
15:30 – Canada
Core CPI (Yearly)
15:30 – U.S.
Core CPI (Monthly)
15:30 – U.S.
Consumer Price Index (Monthly)
15:30 – U.S.
Consumer Price Index (Yearly)
Wednesday, July 16, 2025
09:00 – UK
Consumer Price Index (Yearly)
15:30 – U.S
Core Producer Price Index (Monthly)
15:30 – U.S.
Producer Price Index (Monthly)
Thursday, July 17, 2025
01:45 – New Zealand
Consumer Price Index (Quarterly)
04:30 – Australia
Employment Change
04:30 – Australia
Unemployment Rate
15:30 – U.S.
Core Retail Sales (Monthly)
15:30 – U.S.
Retail Sales (Monthly)
15:30 – U.S.
Weekly Jobless Claims
Friday, July 18, 2025
17:00 – U.S.
Preliminary University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment
17:00 – U.S.
Preliminary University of Michigan Inflation Expectations
Oil
Oil prices surged strongly by the end of last week,
supported by rising geopolitical tensions between Russia and Ukraine
and optimism over a recovery in Chinese demand.
Prices rebounded to $68.66 after testing the support level around $65.00,
indicating a continued upward trend aiming for $72.22.
Gold
Gold is currently trading around $3354 after failing to break out of its sideways range.
It rebounded from the lower boundary at $3251,
supported by rising risks related to the absence of clear trade agreements on tariffs.
A move toward the upper range at $3434 is expected.
EURUSD
The U.S. dollar recovered some ground against the euro after strong U.S. employment data. EURUSD is trading around 1.1688, having broken the 1.1700 support level and closed below it,
signalling potential further decline toward 1.1630.
However, if the pair climbs back above 1.1700, an upward move toward 1.1827 could resume.
EURAUD
EURAUD is trading near 1.7731, after a sharp decline last week.
The pair is now testing a strong demand zone on the 4-hour chart.
A potential rebound toward 1.7960 is supported by weakening bearish momentum.
If 1.7731 is broken and closes below, the downtrend may continue toward 1.7604.
Tesla Stock
Tesla’s stock experienced a series of declines recently,
Following Elon Musk’s announcement of a new political party in the U.S. and his growing conflict with Donald Trump,
along with rising competition from Chinese companies.
The stock is currently trading around $313, having bounced from the $282 support level.
This supports a continued rally toward $340, then $365.
A break below $282 could lead to further losses down to $220.
Global Markets Update: Top Indicators & Asset Moves
Unprecedented Wave of Bankruptcies Hits Major U.S. Firms in 2025 The U.S. is facing a severe bankruptcy crisis amid escalating financial and trade pressures.
The U.S. economy is grappling with one of its toughest periods since the global financial crisis,
facing mounting pressures from all directions — including the escalating debt crisis,
the ongoing trade war with China, and rising tensions with allies over President Donald Trump’s aggressive tariff policies.
Now, the country is experiencing an unprecedented wave of corporate bankruptcies, the worst in 15 years.
According to data from S&P Global Market Intelligence, 371 large American companies filed for bankruptcy
in the first half of 2025 — the highest number since 2010.
This figure marks a significant increase from 335 filings during the same period last year,
and more than double the total from the first half of 2022.
In June alone, 63 companies declared bankruptcy, continuing the upward trend that saw 64 bankruptcies in May.
The hardest-hit sectors were industrials and consumer discretionary,
with 58 and 49 cases respectively, followed by healthcare with 27 filings.
This surge in bankruptcies is attributed to a combination of factors,
including sharp interest rate hikes, global supply chain disruptions,
reduced consumer spending by American households, and the fallout from trade policies and imposed tariffs.
Germany
Germany warns of Trump tariff fallout: A threat to both sides of the Atlantic.
German Economy Minister Katharina Reiche issued a warning on Saturday regarding President Trump’s threat to impose a 30% tariff on European Union imports, cautioning that such a move could inflict serious damage on both the U.S. and European economies.
She urged for a practical and swift resolution to avoid escalating the trade war.
Reiche stated that “the proposed tariffs would severely impact European exporting firms,
” while also noting that “the U.S. economy and consumers will not be immune from the consequences.”
She emphasized that the growing transatlantic trade tensions are jeopardizing economic stability
and called for an “immediate and constructive outcome to negotiations” to prevent broader economic harm.
Unprecedented Wave of Bankruptcies Hits Major U.S. Firms in 2025
Wall Street Slips as Trade Tensions Rise and Dollar, Oil Shift: Wall Street indices
pulled back from record highs
As U.S. President Donald Trump escalated trade threats,
boosting the dollar.
Concerns about the inflationary effects of increased tariffs also weighed
on the performance of the U.S. Treasury bond market,
while oil prices surged in anticipation of possible U.S. actions to curb Russian energy exports.
After a strong rally that drove the S&P 500 to its fifth peak in nine trading sessions,
The momentum paused.
Around 400 stocks in the index declined,
but gains in major technology firms helped markets avoid deeper losses. Kraft Heinz shares rose following reports of a possible business spinoff.
The six largest U.S. banks are expected to announce earnings next week,
with forecasts indicating an increase in trading revenues.
Trump’s Threats Push the Market Down
Trump stated he plans to impose a 35% tariff on certain Canadian goods
and hinted at raising tariffs on most other countries,
suggesting a general tariff rate between 15% and 20% on the majority of trade partners.
The current average tariff for U.S. partners is about 10%.
Matt Maley from Miller Tabak noted,
“The president’s tougher stance on tariffs is pushing the market downward,
especially given the current overbought condition that makes it vulnerable to a correction.”
Market Performance: Dollar, Bonds, and Bitcoin
Long-term debt led the bond market downturn,
with the market registering losses for the second week in a row.
The dollar had its strongest weekly performance since February,
while Bitcoin surged past $118,000 for the first time.
Trade Outlook and Forecasts
According to Ulrike Hoffmann-Burchardi of UBS Global Wealth Management,
U.S. trade policy is expected to stabilise in the second half of the year.
She projected that tariffs would settle near 15%,
and that economic growth would slow without triggering a recession.
She also emphasised that most S&P 500 stocks are relatively immune
to tariffs and expects the index to reach 6,500 points by June 2026,
despite seasonal volatility.
The index closed Friday at around 6,260 points.
Earnings Season Boosts Sentiment
Investors are betting on a strong earnings season,
According to Bank of America strategists.
Michael Hartnett noted that clients are not concerned about the economy or valuations.
Conversely, Citigroup strategists predicted a slowdown
in global stock growth over the next 12 months
and called earnings expectations “optimistic” despite ongoing economic uncertainty.
Major Banks Perspective
Analysts expect S&P 500 companies’ earnings
to grow by 2.8% year-over-year—the slowest pace since 2023,
According to Bloomberg Intelligence.
Michael Landsberg from Landsberg Bennett Private
Wealth Management said Q2 earnings would be good but below Q1 levels,
citing the impact of trade and tariff issues on some industries.
Despite the unclear picture,
He believes earnings might exceed the currently low expectations,
which would be positive for the market.
Debate on the Sustainability of the Rally
Mark Hackett from Nationwide explained that stable earnings
Estimates are key to sustaining the market rally.
He added that pessimists were caught off guard by the recent strength.
He noted that historically,
When the S&P 500 rises more than 20% within two months or less
As seen in Q2, it goes on to gain another 15%+
over the following year in all ten previous instances.
At the same time, the VIX (fear index) dropped below 16,
and analysts have begun raising year-end targets,
With sentiment no longer bearish despite signs of overbought conditions.
Signs of Excessive Optimism
The number of sellers in the market has declined,
With declining stocks making up only 42% of total U.S. trading
volume last month—the lowest since 2020, per Thrasher Analytics.
Andrew Thrasher suggested that this reflects overconfidence among investors,
a pattern previously seen before corrections in 2020, 2019,
and 2016, when the S&P 500 dropped at least 5%.
The ICE BofA MOVE Index, which measures bond yield volatility,
hit its lowest level since early 2022.
Meanwhile, 10-year and 30-year U.S. government bond auctions saw strong demand.
Anticipation of Interest Rate Cuts
RBC Capital Markets analysts postponed their forecast
for the start of the rate cuts from September to December,
citing the need for more time to assess inflation and the labour market.
Blake Gwinn and Isaac Brock wrote that the situation
will likely remain unchanged unless there’s clear evidence
that tariff-related inflation has peaked, and labour market
weakness deepens—neither of which is likely to happen on its own.
Market Focus on Inflation Data
The market is now focused on the upcoming release of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for June,
scheduled for Tuesday.
Morgan Stanley analysts expect the data to show greater impact from tariffs,
though pressures remain relatively light as prices of some high-tariff goods are still low.
Inflation related to tariffs is expected to accelerate in July and August.
Ian Lyngen from BMO Capital Markets stated that data from August onward,
when full tariff schedules come into effect, will be the real test for inflation trends.
Wall Street Slips as Trade Tensions Rise and Dollar, Oil Shift
The Difference Between a Trader and an Investor in U.S. Stocks?
Many individuals are drawn to the U.S. stock market in search of opportunities to grow their capital and earn profits. Among the various trading styles, two main types of market participants stand out: investors and traders (speculators). Although both deal with stocks, they differ significantly in terms of objectives, strategies, risk tolerance, and time horizon. In this article, we’ll explore the key differences between traders and investors, and help you decide which path suits you better.
An investor is someone who buys stocks with the intention of holding them for a long period, ranging from months to years.
They rely on fundamental analysis and focus on company performance indicators such as earnings, growth, leadership strength, and market size.
Investor Characteristics:
Aims to build long-term wealth.
Tolerates short-term market volatility.
Prefers solid companies with consistent dividends.
Values stocks based on intrinsic value rather than price alone.
Trader
Who Is a Trader?
A trader (or speculator) buys and sells stocks over short timeframes — from minutes to days — aiming to profit quickly from price movements.
Trader Characteristics:
Relies on technical analysis and chart patterns.
Focuses on perfect entry and exit points.
Doesn’t prioritize company fundamentals.
Reacts quickly to news, rumors, and market indicators.
comparison
Key Differences Between Traders and Investors
Aspect
Investor
Trader
Goal
Long-term capital growth
Quick profit from short-term moves
Holding Period
Long (months to years)
Very short (days or less)
Analysis Type
Fundamental analysis
Technical analysis
Risk Level
Relatively lower
High, due to rapid price changes
Reaction to Volatility
Ignores short-term fluctuations
Strongly affected by price movements
Expected Return
Stable and compounding over time
Uncertain — could be high or very low
Which Is Better?
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. The choice depends on your personality and financial goals:
If you prefer steady growth and a calm approach, you’re likely suited to investing.
If you’re quick-thinking, enjoy market action, and can handle risk, trading might be your fit.
Many successful market participants actually combine both strategies: maintaining a long-term investment portfolio while allocating a small portion for active trading.
Conclusion
Whether you choose to be an investor or a trader in the U.S. stock market,
it’s vital to equip yourself with knowledge, set clear goals, and follow a disciplined strategy.
Remember, success in the market isn’t about luck — it’s about planning, analysis, and emotional control.
The Difference Between a Trader and an Investor in U.S. Stocks?
Dollar Posts Weekly Rebound Fueled by Inflation Fears The dollar surged this week amid growing inflation concerns triggered by renewed U.S. trade tensions.
The U.S. dollar recorded its strongest weekly performance since February,
following President Donald Trump’s announcement of new tariff plans,
which raised market fears of accelerating inflation and declining risk appetite.
The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index climbed 0.73%, regaining momentum after two consecutive weeks of decline.
Major currencies such as the Japanese yen and the British pound were among the weakest performers,
further boosting the short-term appeal of the greenback.
This rebound comes despite ongoing bets on a medium-term decline in the dollar,
driven by political uncertainty and rising trade policy risks.
Outlook
Some analysts believe markets may be overestimating the Federal Reserve’s willingness to intervene against inflation.
Meanwhile, recent speculative positioning still indicates a long-term bearish outlook for the dollar,
especially amid ongoing fiscal instability and a widening U.S. budget deficit.
Dollar Posts Weekly Rebound Fueled by Inflation Fears
TSMC Beats Expectations with Record Quarterly Revenue Amid AI Boom
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the world’s largest contract chipmaker, reported strong quarterly revenues that exceeded expectations, fueled by growing demand for its chips amid the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence technologies.
Revenue for the second quarter of this year rose by 38.6%, reaching NT$933.8 billion (approximately US$31.9 billion),
up from NT$673.51 billion in the same period last year. These results surpassed analysts’ average forecast of NT$927.8 billion.
The revenue also exceeded the company’s target range announced in April, which stood between US$28.4 billion and US$29.2 billion,
reflecting performance stronger than previous estimates.
TSMC, whose major clients include NVIDIA, is expected to release its full Q2 financial report on July 17,
along with its forecasts for the third quarter and the full fiscal year.
USA
U.S. Treasury Sells 10-Year Bonds at 4.362% Amid Inflation Data Anticipation
The U.S. Department of the Treasury announced the results of its 10-year bond auction,
selling $39 billion in bonds at a high yield of 4.362%, the highest accepted yield among winning bids in the auction.
This new issuance will mature on May 15, 2035, priced at $99.101876 per $100 face value,
with a 4.25% annual coupon rate.
The bid-to-cover ratio—a measure of demand—stood at 2.61x, indicating solid, though not exceptional, investor interest.
The high yield serves as a key benchmark for the U.S. government’s borrowing cost and reflects market expectations regarding future inflation and Federal Reserve monetary policy.
Notably, 10-year bond yields are a crucial reference for determining interest rates across the U.S. and global economy,
affecting corporate financing, mortgage loan rates, and other credit instruments.
This auction comes as markets await pivotal U.S. economic data, particularly concerning labor and inflation,
which could directly influence the Fed’s interest rate decisions for the rest of the year.
Trump
Trump Imposes 50% Tariff on Brazilian Imports Over Bolsonaro Trial and Trade Relations
On Wednesday, U.S. President Donald Trump announced a new 50% tariff on imports from Brazil,
describing it as a direct response to what he called a “very unfair trade relationship” between the two countries and a political punishment linked to the ongoing trial of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro.
The move marks a major escalation from the previous 10% tariff imposed by the U.S. in April.
In an official letter addressed to current Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,
Trump framed the decision as part of a broader campaign of targeted tariffs sent to leaders of various countries,
imposing stiff duties on their exports to the U.S.
What stands out in this message is its unusually tough stance, directly linking U.S. trade policy to the domestic legal affairs of a foreign nation—in this case, the judicial proceedings against Bolsonaro.
The move highlights Trump’s willingness to use tariffs as both political and economic leverage,
potentially increasing diplomatic tensions between Washington and Brasília in the coming period.
Oil Prices Stabilize Near $70 Per Barrel Amid Escalating Trade Tensions and Tariffs
Oil prices stabilized near $70 per barrel amid growing trade tensions and a significant increase in U.S. crude inventories,
adding to uncertainty in global markets.
Market Assessment of Rising U.S. Inventories and Trade Policy Uncertainty Global oil prices remained stable during the week, with Brent crude hovering near $70 per barrel, while West Texas Intermediate (WTI) settled around $68. This came as global trade tensions escalated and U.S. crude stockpiles recorded a sharp increase.
According to official U.S. data, inventories rose by 7.1 million barrels last week — the largest weekly increase since January. Storage levels also climbed in Cushing, the key U.S. delivery hub, sparking concerns among investors about weakening demand or an oversupplied market.
Tariffs
Tariffs Threaten Global Markets and the Energy and Metals Sectors Markets continue to closely watch U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariff announcements. Most recently, he declared a 50% tariff on copper imports starting August 1. This measure is expected to directly affect manufacturers of cars, homes, and household appliances that rely on this essential industrial metal.
The U.S. administration’s actions triggered strong reactions in global markets, especially after targeting countries like Brazil with elevated tariffs, in addition to threats of sector-specific tariffs on imports from other nations. These measures have amplified trade uncertainty, prompting some producers to accelerate their shipments to the U.S. before the new tariffs take effect.
OPEC
Geopolitical Concerns and Demand Forecasts Amid OPEC+ Production Plans Despite the ongoing tensions, oil prices have edged slightly higher this week,
supported by expectations of strong summer demand.
This comes as OPEC+ announced a surprise production increase starting in August,
betting that peak summer consumption will help absorb the extra supply.
However, fears are growing that an oversupply could develop later in the year as the market exits the summer peak.
On the geopolitical front, traders are closely monitoring developments in the Middle East after Iran-backed Houthis ramped up attacks on commercial vessels in the Red Sea, resulting in the sinking of two ships and the deaths of several sailors.
These attacks follow recent clashes between Israel and Iran, which have paused under a fragile ceasefire.
Oil Prices Stabilize Near $70 Per Barrel Amid Escalating Trade Tensions and Tariffs
Fed Minutes: Rate Cuts Possible This Year, But With Reservations: The Federal Reserve’s June meeting minutes
revealed that most Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) policymakers believe that resuming
Interest rate cuts later this year would be a “likely and appropriate” step.
However, they maintained a cautious approach, preferring to wait for more economic data before making definitive decisions.
According to the minutes released on Wednesday, this inclination toward monetary
easing stems from members’ belief that the inflationary impact of recent tariffs will be temporary and limited.
It therefore does not warrant an immediate policy change.
Despite this leaning, all committee members unanimously voted to keep the federal funds rate
within the current range of 4.25% to 4.50%, opting for patience as they closely assess economic developments.
Opinions among members varied regarding the timing of any potential rate cuts.
Two participants supported a possible reduction as early as the July meeting,
while others felt that no rate cuts would be appropriate during 2025.
Nevertheless, the minutes affirmed the committee’s consensus that future decisions will be data-dependent,
emphasizing the Fed’s readiness to adjust its policy stance if risks emerge
that threaten its goals of price stability and sustainable growth.
The meeting discussions also pointed to continued strength in U.S. economic activity, supported by robust growth,
low unemployment and a resilient labor market, although inflation remains above the target level.
Some policymakers noted that the current interest rate may not be far from the “neutral rate.”
The level that neither stimulates nor restricts economic activity.
This suggests that the scope for rate cuts could be limited unless significant changes occur in the current economic conditions.
Fed Minutes: Rate Cuts Possible This Year, But With Reservations
U.S. Markets Struggle Between Tariff Pressure and Tech Rally: U.S. markets saw mixed performance this week,
caught between sharp political rhetoric and controversial trade policies led by former President Donald Trump,
and a strong rally in tech stocks, most notably Nvidia, which briefly crossed a $4 trillion market capitalization.
Trade tensions resurfaced after Trump announced a 50% tariff on copper imports starting August 1,
alongside a new wave of duties targeting several countries.
These included 50% tariffs on Brazil, 30% on Algeria, Libya, Iraq, and Sri Lanka, 25% on Brunei and Moldova,
and 20% on the Philippines.
Trump linked the Brazil decision to how former President Jair Bolsonaro was treated,
calling for charges against him to be dropped. In response,
Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva vowed to retaliate under a “reciprocal treatment law.”
Copper futures surged on the news, with London Metal Exchange contracts rising 0.4% to $9,664.50 per ton,
and COMEX copper gaining around 3%.
Meanwhile, Brazilian assets declined, and the Brazilian real fell sharply,
and emerging markets turned cautious.
The S&P 500 futures and U.S. dollar index dropped 0.1%,
extending the “sell U.S. assets” trend that has pulled the dollar down 8.7% year-to-date.
Carol Kong, FX strategist at Commonwealth Bank of Australia,
said the post-tariff dollar drop signals that “the U.S. asset sell-off narrative remains strong.”
Wall Street Shrugs Off Concerns, Nears Record Highs
Wall Street showed notable resilience despite trade tensions, with the S&P 500 nearing its record highs.
The large-cap index rose 1.1%, bolstered by Nvidia’s performance,
whose stock has climbed more than 1,000% since the beginning of 2023
and now accounts for approximately 7.5% of the index’s total weight.
Nvidia’s gains pushed its annual return above 20%.
According to Bespoke Investment Group,
companies surpassing trillion-dollar milestones historically continue to climb.
Risk appetite surged elsewhere, with Bitcoin surpassing the $112,000 mark for the first time.
CNN’s “Fear & Greed” index categorized market sentiment as “extreme greed,” highlighting bullish momentum.
Global Copper Shipments Accelerate
In response to looming tariffs, global producers rushed to ship copper
to destinations such as Hawaii and Puerto Rico to speed up delivery.
Simultaneously, Japanese government bonds drew investor focus,
with a major 20-year bond auction approaching amid rising yields and election-related fiscal concerns.
Treasuries Rebound After Selloff
Following five consecutive sessions of selling, U.S. Treasury bonds saw a rebound.
Yields on the 10-year notes fell by six basis points to 4.34%.
A successful $39 billion auction delivered a yield of 4.362%
, slightly below expectations, signaling strong demand.
A 30-year bond offering worth $22 billion is expected soon.
Fed Divided on Inflation Risks from Tariffs
Minutes from the Federal Reserve’s June 17–18 FOMC meeting revealed a stark division over the inflationary impact of tariffs.
Some officials expected a one-time price bump with limited long-term effects,
While most warned of potentially lasting inflationary pressure.
Although this uncertainty delayed rate cut decisions, Chris Zaccarelli of Northlight Asset Management emphasized
that bullish market sentiment remains intact, citing confidence in economic strength and earnings stability.
Fast Money Returns Amid Growing Optimism
Short-term investors—often labeled “fast money”—have started reentering U.S. equities after missing the latest rally.
According to a positioning index by BNP Paribas, which tracks hedge funds, commodity advisors,
and volatility-targeting funds, equity allocations are nearing neutral, indicating renewed confidence.
Craig Johnson of Piper Sandler noted that “the trend remains upward despite tariff anxieties.”
Adding that investors are now less reactive to negative news and more focused on technical signals.
Goldman Sachs also raised its U.S. equity forecasts this week, citing the ongoing strength of large-cap stocks.
Anthony Saglimbene of Ameriprise stated that if economic activity stabilizes and earnings hold up,
especially in tech markets, they could continue their upward trajectory through year-end.
Still, he cautioned that “disappointment risks are elevated,
especially given the volume of political headlines emerging from the White House.”
U.S. Markets Struggle Between Tariff Pressure and Tech Rally
